I actually got the solution, and I'd like to share it as well:

This is the answer I found working after understanding the syntax of the logic needed:

<odoo>
    <data>
        <!-- Update existing action record -->
        <record id="mrp.action_mrp_production_moves" model="ir.actions.act_window">
            <field
                name="domain">['|',
                ('move_id.raw_material_production_id', '=',active_id),
                '|',
                ('move_id.production_id', '=', active_id),
                '&amp;',
                ('move_id.raw_material_production_id','=',False),
                '&amp;',
                ('move_id.production_id', '=', False),
                ('production_id', '=',active_id),
                ]</field>
        </record>
    </data>
</odoo>

Here is the explanation of this complex domain syntax:

• Understanding it starts from the end.
• ​|​ and &​ take only two "terms", not more. So, the "expression" is always an operator that has (precedes) two following "terms". A "term" can be a simple one (,,)​ or an expression.
• For |A|B&C&DE​, it's evaluated as following (from the end):
• • ​&DE​: D & E => As X​
  • ​&CX​: C & X = C & (D & E) => As Y
  • ​|BY​: B | Y = B | (C & (D & E)) => As Z
  • ​|AZ​: A | (B | (C & (D & E)))
• The proper escaping of &​ as &amp​; ensures the XML is valid.